The Life and Work of Carlton Smith

Joel Medina • June 24, 2024

Carlton R. Smith (1965-2024) 

Carlton R. Smith (also known as “The Duchess”) was a Black LGBTQ+/same-gender-loving1 HIV/AIDS activist who lived in Baltimore for many years. Carlton was a longtime HIV survivor himself. He is known for his role in advocating/mobilizing on behalf of LGBTQ+ and HIV-affected communities (especially Black men who have sex with men) within the State of Maryland for decades. 


Carlton was born in 1965. He contracted HIV in 1986, when he was just 21. Carlton’s diagnosis came during an era in the United States where severe inaction by government and the medical industry was worsening an already unfortunate epidemic of HIV/AIDS within the American population (especially LGBTQ+ people). As such, many people who caught the disease did not live for very long. Thankfully, due to the efforts of many individuals (including LGBTQ+ folks and their allies), eventual medical improvements allowed Carlton and many of his peers to live with HIV for much longer than would’ve been initially anticipated. 


Carlton did not take this fortune for granted. Rather, he dedicated his life to fighting for the rights and advancement of other marginalized people, especially Black, LGBTQ+, and HIV-affected people like himself, throughout the State of Maryland. Carlton co-founded and directed Blaq Equity Baltimore (formerly known as the Center for Black Equity-Baltimore) where for over 20 years he led numerous events, rallies, and educational programs that revolve around celebrating the lives and improving the lived experiences of Black same-gender-loving/LGBTQ+ people in Baltimore City (the most famous of which is the annual Baltimore Blaq Pride event). 


Carlton also served as a member of the Community Participatory Advisory Board at the Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research. In this role, he provided guidance to health officials and policymakers regarding HIV prevention and treatment within the Baltimore community from the perspective of a person actually living with the condition. Carlton was also the elected chairman of the Ryan White Planning Council and oversaw initiatives relating to the provision of medical care and support services for people with HIV in Baltimore for several years. 


At FreeState Justice in particular, Carlton is known for serving as a member of FreeState’s Coalition to Decriminalize HIV in Maryland, where he offered valuable insight and policy knowledge to coalition members regarding the fight to pass a bill that would repeal existing state laws that criminalize the transmission of HIV. His efforts were instrumental in getting HB485, a decriminalization bill, to be the subject of a committee hearing in the 2024 Legislative Session (the first time a bill of this specific type has ever made it this far within the Maryland General Assembly). 


Carlton graciously offered his voice to many publications writing about issues of concern to the LGBTQ+ and HIV-affected community, ensuring that the perspective of different groups within the community was reflected within mainstream discourse. This includes a his participation in a report by ABCNews regarding the challenges of older people living with HIV, his writing of an opinion piece about the need to decriminalize HIV in Maryland as previously mentioned, and much more. 


Beyond his political contributions, Carlton was also an enthusiastic spiritual leader in the Baltimore community. As a proud deacon of the Unity Fellowship Church of Baltimore, Carlton combined his commitment to justice for Black people, LGBTQ+ people, disabled people, and all other groups of people with his theology. He truly believed that all people should be able to come together and practice their faith, without the hostility towards certain groups that is often associated with religious spaces. 


On a personal level, Carlton is remembered for his friendly demeanor, his contagious laughter, and his loving heart. Unfortunately, the world lost this gem of an activist in May of this year. At FreeState Justice, although we mourn his passing, we remain hopeful that his legacy will serve as a reminder to us to keep up the fight he led. In order for all groups of marginalized people to live fully and freely, we must be as zealous of advocates for racial, gender, and economic justice as Carlton Smith was. In honor of Smith’s passing, we hope that you will support the causes for which he fought as well as others that intersect, including the fight to decriminalize HIV within the State of Maryland. 


Carlton was once asked in an interview to state what “Pride” meant to him. He replied, “I can talk about what liberation and Pride means to me to a mass of people. They may not have been able to come out yet, but maybe if they see me, they might think, ‘Oh, I can do that, too.’ We can love our neighbors and people for who they really are.” 


It is our mission here at FreeState, and the wonderful organizations with which we are in coalition, to consistently do the work necessary to make Carlton’s vision a reality, once and for all. 


Written by Nic Oke, a Legal and Policy Intern at FreeState Justice

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